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Platform for studying stem cells will try

A team of Canadian researchers has developed an automated platform for microfluidic cell culture to monitor the growth, survival and response to the hundreds of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs, for its acronym in English) at the cellular level. The discovery is published Sunday, May 22, edition 'on line' in the journal 'Nature Methods'.

This new tool will allow scientists to study multiple variables in culture conditions simultaneously time and get new insights into the growth factors necessary for cell survival Hematopoietic stem.

According to the leader of this study, Véronique Lecault, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia (UBC) in Canada, "the ability to perform massively parallel cultures of mammalian cells could provide new avenues for explore complex biological questions. "

"Our results will be used in many applications such as drug development, the selection of clones and optimization of crops," says Lecault.

The HSCs are found primarily in the bone cord and have an amazing ability to maintain a continuous production of specialized blood cells .

These cells have important clinical utility, especially for the treatment of cancer and blood-borne diseases. But the regulatory mechanism of stem cell division (self-renewal) or more mature cells (differentiation) is still not well understood.

The heterogeneous nature of the hematopoietic population complicates the study of HSCs, hiding the individual responses of mean measurements. The study of individual cells is therefore key to understanding these mechanisms. However, current techniques require hard work, expensive reagents and has limited flexibility to characterize the cells or changing the culture conditions.

The Canadian research team has designed and fabricated a microfluidic device - about the size of a matchbox - containing between 1,600 and 6,400 miniature culture chambers that can hold an important cell growth, together with sequential imaging system to control clones for several days while they develop from single cells.

Source: europapress.es

Stem Cells

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hematopoietic stem cell lateral sclerosis

lateral sclerosis stem cell

The Israel Ministry of Health has approved laboratories BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. to begin testing cell therapies mother in patients with amyotrophic lateral amniotrófica.

scientists BrainStorm For this trial represents a major advance in the conquest of the goal of using stem cells to begin with the idea of \u200b\u200bneuronal recovery in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral amniotrófica, as indicated by Adrian Harel, one of loslíderes of the company.

With this new license, patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral amniotrófica start receiving your own stem cells from bone marrow, and subjected to treatment with NurOwn technology, which received orphan drug designation (drug to diagnose, prevent or treat a disease) by the Food and Drug Administration.

Participants in the study of stem cells be divided into two groups, one with patients who have a high degree of disease and others who suffer early.

The patient follow-up will take about 6 months. (With information from La Jornada)

Source: sumedico.com

will try lateral sclerosis stem cell

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umbilical cord blood to detect food intolerances

umbilical cord blood to detect food intolerances

ivity, bank stem cells from umbilical cord IVI Group, has launched a genetic test that can detect if the baby will food intolerances.

The test involves removing a sample umbilical cord blood obtained at the time of delivery. Thus, from a genetic study, can detect whether the child will develop some of the most common food intolerances.

Thus, if results are positive may initiate preventive measures. Otherwise, if you are poor, may introduce new foods into your baby's diet with greater ease and safety of tolerability.

"This genetic test involves no nuisance the mother and provides a very important and useful information during the first months of baby's life, when can shed some light on the problems associated with food intolerances, "says managing director ivity, Alfonso Sanchez.

About 10 percent of children develop during childhood staple food intolerances in the diet such as lactose, fructose or gluten.

Source: europapress.es

umbilical cord blood to detect intolerances food

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discovered a new cell in the human body

open lung stem cells a way to treat respiratory diseases. The research may help us understand how causes lung cancer. The Harvard team hopes to treat emphysema and pulmonary hypertension. The treatment is not yet ready for testing in people

Researchers at Harvard Medical School (USA) have discovered a cell type previously unknown in the human body. This is stem cells of the lungs, as has been demonstrated in a series of experiments, have the ability to regenerate damaged lungs. From these stem cells can form not only different types of cells that make up a lung, but also the blood vessels supplying the respiratory system.

Research is a step ahead of understanding how lung diseases originate. Of these, lung cancer is the leading candidate to be related to alterations of stem cells.

On the other hand, the research paves the way for developing new treatments for respiratory diseases utilizing the capacity that have shown stem cells to regenerate lung tissue.

"We believe that these cells have the potential used against a wide range of lung diseases including emphysema (which causes severe respiratory failure) and pulmonary hypertension, "said Joseph Loscalzo, co-author, by email. The treatment would remove a sample of lung tissue from patients, isolating the stem cells multiply in the laboratory and re-entered in the lungs to regenerate damaged. Because these cells would have been obtained from patient's own tissue, not cause immune rejection.

A potential test of lung stem cells is that the findings were presented today The New England Journal of Medicine, a journal specializing in publishing research that change the way medicine is practiced. For now, however, these cells have regenerated only in mice lungs, so they are not ready for use in humans.

Harvard researchers to identify the lung stem cells has been like finding the needle in the haystack. Since lung tissue that had been donated for transplantation and were not used, and lungs of fetuses that had died, the researchers looked for cells that have a protein called c-kit. They focused on this protein because, in the heart, to identify cardiac stem cells.

In the lungs, they found, only one in 6,000 cells of the bronchioles, and one of every 30,000 of the alveoli, are the protein c-kit (see chart). These few cells isolated and cultured in the laboratory. Noted that had the ability to divide as do stem cells, producing one hand a new stem cell and, secondly, a differentiated cell lung characteristic.

After producing hundreds of thousands of these cells, inoculated mice with lung injuries. Each mouse received about 20,000 cells human. After two days, 25% of these cells had been implanted in the lungs of mice and were dividing. After two weeks, the cells had restored bronchioles, alveoli and blood vessels. An analysis confirmed that the regenerated tissue was composed of human cells, which were integrated with the normal tissue of mice.

Previous studies have identified progenitor cells can give rise to more specialized cells in different regions of the lungs. But this is the first identified a stem cell can form any cell type lung.

"It's a spectacular research," said Thomas Graf, ICREA researcher who heads the group of stem cell research at the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG). "If these results are replicated in other laboratories, opening the way to propose autologous (own cell) for patients with respiratory diseases."

Ángel Raya, ICREA researcher and stem cell specialist at the Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), agrees that "the first thing to do is reproduce the data in other laboratories" so that these stem cells can be used medical purposes.

Harvard team plans to repeat the research in animals other than mice tested in people before a treatment based on stem cells in the lungs. "We'll try it in a large animal model in the near future. Is a necessary step before considering a clinical trial in people, "said Piero Anversa, director of research, e-mail.

Another issue that should be studied, Anversa says, is what is the best way to get stem cells from patients and re-administered after they have been multiplied in the laboratory. Direct injection cells in the lungs that has been used in research on mice could be impractical in humans. As alternatives, the Harvard team contemplates the possibility of administering the cells by a bronchoscopy, which allows access to a thin tube into the lungs, or by inhalation with a nasal spray.

The different types of stem cells

ADULT

have ability to form specific cells or tissues such as lung stem cells identified now. Its medical use dates back to 1959, when it became the first transplant bone marrow. The advances of the last decade have renewed interest in them.

EMBRYONIC

have the capacity to become any cell in the body. U.S. scientists discovered in 1998 how to grow embryonic stem cells in the laboratory, which stimulated this research area and provoked fierce ethical debate.

IPS

iPS cells are derived from adult cells but behave like embryonic stem cells by genetic reprogramming technique introduced in 2006 by researcher Japan's Shinya Yamanaka. This technique avoids the ethical debate of embryonic stem cells.

Source: lavanguardia.com

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develop liver cells from stem cells

Researchers at the School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore (USA) have succeeded in producing liver cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. The results of the study are published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

The findings open the way to the development of new therapies with stem cells liver for many patients who have run out of options because lack of liver tissue donation for transplantation. By producing an ample supply of liver cells can be transplanted to patients without risk of immune rejection, stem cell therapy could save lives.

The problem with stem cell therapy is that adult stem cells are difficult to isolate or produce in culture. But the cells induced pluripotent stem (iPS cells) can be generated from small amounts of tissue from patients and can occur indefinitely in culture. Thus, liver cells, iPS cells derived from specific patient can be generated not only in large quantities but also for each patient, avoiding immune rejection problems associated with incompatible donor liver or embryonic stem cells.

reprogramming process can become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from skin or blood cells, liver cells capable of repairing damaged liver tissue.

Scientists human iPS cells generated from a variety of adult human cells, including fibroblasts, bone marrow cells and skin cells and showed that the internal structures of cells or molecular scenarios are similar and stem cells. Then the researchers "taught" to human iPS cells to first become mature liver cells, using a set of procedures that mimic the different stages of liver development. Regardless of the origin of tissues, human iPS cells showed all the same capacity to differentiate into liver cells.

Researchers went to a mouse model of liver disease and evaluated the liver cells derived from human iPS cells for their ability to regenerate liver tissue.

The authors found that liver cells derived from human iPS cells grown in fresh mouse liver with an efficiency of between 8 and 15 percent. The new liver cells were also fully functional, proteins secreted by normal liver cells were detected in the blood of mice was transplanted liver cells derived from human iPS cells.

Although the results indicate that readily available tissues such as skin or blood could help heal the damaged liver, further studies are needed they can use liver cells derived from human iPS cells.

Source: europapress.es

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Curan

Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) has managed to heal pressure ulcers and 19 of the 22 paraplegic patients included in clinical trials with stem cells bone marrow. The research just published in the journal "The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine." According to the authors, this is the first stem cell treatment designed in Spain and one of the first in the world, which is effective for typical fistulas (or "sores") often experienced by people confined to bed and reduced mobility and can easily get to be a difficult problem.

The test was carried out by the coordination unit transplantation and cell therapy HUCA. The first signatories of the article are Sarasu Julian Gonzalez, chief of plastic surgery department, who is retiring the same day, "and Silvia López Pérez, biologist of that unit. The other signatories of the article are Jesus Otero, director of the transplant unit and cell therapy, "Dolores Escudero, Coordinator HUCA transplants, biologists María Álvarez Viejo, Marcos Perez and Yolanda Menéndez, hematologists Angeles Gala Fernandez and Jose Garcia, Amaia Ferrero biochemistry, and the plastic surgeon Ángel Pérez Arias.

"It is estimated that at least 85 percent of paraplegic patients developed pressure ulcers at some point in their lives", explained yesterday to THE NEW SPAIN Silvia Perez, who added that injuries of this type are difficult treated with conventional therapy, so that "often become a chronic and highly recurrent."

The team of Central Hospital of Asturias began its work by similar investigations of other groups that had reaped positive results with bone marrow stem cells applied to chronic wounds. None of them had been held in Spain. The trial, funded by the FICYT-focused on paraplegic patients. Specifically, in 22 patients (19 men and 3 women) with a mean age of 56 years presenting with severe pressure ulcers and more than four months. They shared that they had not responded to topical treatment. Thirteen of them had previously undergone surgery without positive results.

Silvia

Perez explains how processes were developed. Eligible patients were subjected to a puncture of the iliac crest to obtain mononuclear cells by density gradient. After three hours of collection, and once processed and purified cell fraction desired, this product was inoculated to the patients in the operating room, where shortly before the arrival of the cells had undergone minimal surgical intervention consisting of a cleaning and debridement of the wound with saline. Then the wound margins were united by suture, creating a space in which the suspension was inoculated Cell.

HUCA multidisciplinary team concluded that cell therapy designed for the test is a very valid option for the treatment of pressure ulcers in type IV, the most serious, those in which there is necrosis of muscle , bones, joints and surrounding tissues.

Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) launched a few years ago three clinical trials based on the use of stem cells. One of them was the use of pancreatic islets for diabetes sufferers. Started yielding good results, but the bottom line was not satisfactory. The other focuses on the application of stem cells to infarcted hearts, the results have not been published yet.

Source: lne.es

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skin stem cells Stem Cells Pat

• Several groups investigated in English therapies with adult stem cells
• may be used to close wounds and ulcers or various diseases

The cells drugs are as alive and intelligent s: have a great ability to solve different problems, but they are uncontrollable and unpredictable if not perfectly know what you're doing. Currently, There are about 3,000 clinical trials of cell therapy in the world, but only about 100 have reached Phase 3, ie, have a significant number of patients. Most of them also belong to the field of hematology, pioneered the use of cells, particularly those of bone-marrow to treat diseases such as leukemia or lymphoma.

Outside this area, which actually has decades of advantage over other forms of cell therapy, studies that have reached their final stage can be counted on the fingers. "Right now, nobody has successfully completed a Phase 3 with stem cells other than hematology. But they are bound for a long time: the novelty lies in the non-haematological cells, to treat non-hematologic diseases, "says Damián García Olmo, director of the Cell Therapy Group of La Paz Hospital in Madrid.

These

are just some of the studies that, with due respect to scientific protocols, are ongoing in Spain in the field of cell therapy applicable to a wide range of disorders and diseases. In some cases is more advanced, in others it begins now experience and, sometimes, be has begun to treat patients, but all are significant to the future: where is the cell and tissue transplantation:

Degenerative

José María Moraleda, Professor of Hematology at the University of Murcia and coordinator of the Cell Therapy Network, is working at the Hospital Virgen de Arrixaca (Murcia) for five years in a clinical trial to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), degenerative disease afflicting the physicist Stephen Hawking. "We have passed the stage of showing that cells with the method we use are safe, and now we are trying to prove its effectiveness." The idea is to inject these 'living drugs' within the spinal cord (the neural tissue that transmits nerve impulses), using various procedures and check the patients' motor skills improve. "The next phase will allow us to see if cell transplantation has a positive effect," the expert adventure.

So far, it has been observed in laboratory mice with sporadic ALS (the most common variant of the disease) that the specimens treated cells survive longer and the process of paralysis progresses more slowly. "The infusion of cells protects motor neurons (responsible for movement) to to survive longer and better, "Moraleda said.

Repair scars

Damián García Olmo, head of Colorectal Surgery and director of the Cell Therapy Group of the Hospital La Paz, wants to use cell transplants for solve one of the great problems of surgery: healing. To do this, nothing better than going to an extreme case and see if therapy can help: "We chose as a model perianal fistula [an abscess that connects the anal canal skin abroad] because it is the most difficult to heal, especially in patients with Crohn's disease [inflammation of the bowel caused by an autoimmune process] " García Olmo said. "We had some problems, we have learned and I think within the next four or five years, we have results applicable to surgery," he adds.

Other studies are testing similar procedures but applied to myocardial infarction, a treatment that also could benefit from tissue regeneration using stem cells, says García Olmo. "And the third major group of diseases is the world of traumatology and orthopedics," says the researcher. The procedure, with its many nuances, Recobeco and difficulties, is always the same: to regenerate damaged tissues by implanting cells with the capacity to differentiate into the 'medicine' necessary.

Repair

cornea transplant cornea common, which involves removing the eye tissue of a dead donor and implant it into the patient, is already an established clinical practice. However, sometimes fails because this tissue needs to be renewed every day, through a niche stem cells called limbo. If the limb is in bad shape, the cornea is no longer transparent and the patient loses vision. Ana Sanchez, Professor of Physiology at the University of Valladolid, and his group take a decade working with stem cells, and are currently transplanting and patient's own stem cells in the limbus of the cornea so that it can renew itself and avoid the above problem.

"If there is a healthy eye, we take a biopsy of the limbus and grow in the laboratory on a membrane that is placed like an eye patch. Lens is placed so as not to move, the days are removed and the cells are in limbo, "says Sanchez. "If the injured patient has two eyes, we must resort to a corpse, the cells are from another person and must be used immunosuppressive agents, but as the limb is poorly vascularized, usually works well" explains. "We had 30 patients with 80% of success."

Breast Reconstruction

César Casado, head of the department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery of the Hospital La Paz, Madrid, working with fat cells taken from the patient's own skin through a process of pumping and spin . Once the cells are separated from adipose tissue, can be used in plastics that require different treatments to rebuild or improve parts of the anatomy, including the face. "I would have many aesthetic possibilities," says this expert, who adventure "breast reconstruction of the future [for patients who have overcome breast cancer] is going to go around. "

fat cells could also be very useful for patients with facial atrophy, either congenital or acquired. A major advantage of this system is speed, because the fat is infiltrated within hours. Moreover, "because they are not aggressive patient's own cells," said Casado, although he admits that more experience is needed to control the degree of absorption and implantation of the cells.

skin Cultivating

Married The team doctor also works on the skin culture in the laboratory, to treat patients who have suffered accidents or burns. The process "cumbersome and very expensive," involves removing inches from the patient's healthy skin, you can get back or other areas that have not been affected, then this tissue grown in the laboratory to multiply its size. The skin, which can also be extracted from a cadaver donor, processed in a kind of mesh with knives, and once that has produced the required amount can be implanted in the patient to repair other damage.

Ana Valladolid Sanchez and his team also work on projects to regenerate the skin and in the design of artificial bone cartilage. The latter would apply in plastic and maxillofacial surgery, to replace the nose or ear, for example, in patients who have been victims of tumors or accidents. "We make a matrix with cells from the patient and can be molded. If I make a mold of your ear, I have an ear," says the doctor. For now, these projects are in experimental stage, even with animals. The infusion of cartilage in the knee, useful in sports injuries and other sorts of ailments, is being tested with sheep, and they've got a small ear, designed by a dentist, who will attempt to implant in rats.

Source: elmundo.es

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smart drugs stem cell scientists alarm

British scientists warn a possible detriment of science and opinion of counsel, who said that using embryonic stem cells is against the ethics and public policy

The father of the sheep Dolly, Ian Wilmut, and other leading British scientists have expressed alarm at the general counsel's opinion of the Court of Justice against allowing the patenting of inventions based on embryonic stem cells human.

The man who cloned the first sheep and his colleagues argue that the French judge's legal opinion Yves Bot, the general counsel of the Luxembourg-based court, if accepted by the thirteen judges of the House, would mark the end of European research methods that could be used to cure degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, among others.

In his opinion, he answered to the appeal by the owner of a German patent, the Advocate General pointed out that patents should be prohibited "an invention that uses embryonic stem cells " for its "industrial application" would using human embryos "as trivial matter, which would go against ethics and public policy. "

" Inventions relating to pluripotent stem cells can only be patented if not obtained at the expense of an embryo, whether for destruction or alteration "Bot said the judge in his legal opinion, which is not yet binding on the Court.

In strong reaction, reported today that the British newspaper The Independent, Ian Wilmut and twelve other leading researchers in the field of embryonic stem cells indicate that this legal opinion, if finally accepted, would in order to European research on embryonic cells.

"The general counsel's opinion is a threat to our research and European science in general. Patents are a key vehicle for providing new products for medical purposes," said Professor Austin Smith, president of the center Embryonic cell research Wellcome Trust at the University of Cambridge.

Professor Peter Coffey, a stem cell researcher at University College London, who expects to begin clinical trials to treat a type of blindness known as macular degeneration related to age, said banning such patents would allow U.S. and other European countries to exploit inventions in this sector.

According Coffey, the UK government has invested millions of pounds to create links between UK universities and pharmaceutical companies interested in developing therapies based on stem cells embryonic, all of which could endanger now the consequent negative impact on the economy of this country.

Source: eluniversal.com.mx